东盟自由贸易区的发展和政策转向探析

成立东盟的初衷,旨在缓和东盟内部的紧张关系,减少外部因素对该地区的影响,促进其经济的健康发展和政权的 巩固。金融危机之后,东盟国家一改政府直接干预经济的政策,致力干多方引吸外资,以巩固其国际地位。     

The changing place of fraud in seventeenth-century public debates about international trading corporations

Abstract

This article surveys the changing role of fraud (dishonest and immoral commercial practices) in public justifications for corporate management of overseas trade in England across the seventeenth century. It argues that the perceived likelihood of fraud in international commercial settings played a critical role in public justifications for trading corporations at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The article suggests that these justifications were challenged from the 1690s. It explores three aspects of this challenge: first, the ways in which agents of the East India Company convinced the Company to liberate private trade (an activity previously defined as fraudulent by the Company and the Courts); second, the arguments from the 1680s that depicted the joint-stock corporation as an unaccountable, soulless entity whose claim to public trust looked less credible; third, how decades of accumulated experience of international trading contexts (and interactions with non-European merchants) prompted pamphleteers to promote the possibility (and reality) of unregulated trade in those settings. All three helped to erode the former association between private individual trade in international contexts as likely to encourage dishonesty, immorality, and fraud. This change therefore led to the corporate body itself becoming a possible vehicle for fraud rather than the individual international merchant (who the corporation was meant originally to regulate). The article analyses public deliberations about fraud and corporations to make interventions in the history of economic thought, the history of trading companies, and the history of economic crime (and especially its rhetorical role in debates about the regulation of trade).     

中国自由贸易试验区的改革深化与自由贸易港的建立

中共十九大为中国自由贸易试验区下一步的发展指明了方向。中国自由贸易试验区在经济市场化方面取得重大进展,颁布了一系列法律规范,旨在营造国际化、法制化和市场化的营商环境,但在开放方面还不够深入和系统化,因此十九大为自由贸易试验区的进一步发展提出了更高目标,指明了新的方向。我们建议把每个自由贸易区分为海关监管的自由贸易区和非海关监管的改革试验区。自由贸易区把成熟的经验推广到改革试验区,改革试验区再把经验推向全国。所有的自由贸易试验区采用不同模式,包括货物贸易和服务贸易自由贸易区、直接投资与金融自由贸易区和金融中心自由贸易区等。     

北大:请不要轻易改变自己

北大之所以为北大,正是因为老校长蔡元培当年倡导的"兼容并包、思想自由"的办学方针,至今还被称作北大精神的一部分,追求"自由民主"也一直为老北大人所津津乐道.大学精神寓于大学自治、学术自由的传统之中,保持"独立之思想,自由之精神."拥有绝对的理想主义色彩,一定程度上超越世俗社会,实现真正的学术自由,完成独立地位的回归.     

从金融危机看宏观型对冲基金的本质

国际资本自由流动是宏观型对冲基金的温床。尽管国际上受美金融危机发生的具体原因千差万别,但共同的特点是有意、无意地扩大宏观经济基本面的失衡,然后借助金融市场的瞬间强制调整,获取巨额利润。宏观型对冲基金作为盈利组织无可厚非,关键是要避免宏观经济的严重失衡。     

生物柴油的发展现状及它在中国的应用前景和应注意的问题(Ⅱ)

作为得自于动植物油脂的脂肪酸甲酯，即所谓的生物柴油是一种来自于动物或植物的可再生燃料资源。目前在世界各国正掀起一开发利用生物柴油资源的热潮。对目前国际上生物柴油开发和利用现状进行了介绍，同时也对中国生物柴油的开发和应注意的问题进行了阐述。     

基于自由现金流量的企业价值评估方法的探讨

随着资本市场及经济全球化的不断深入发展,企业价值管理及其价值评估日益受到人们的重视,因此企业价值评估的应用空间得到极大扩展。文中以传统的评估技术和方法为基础,通过对企业价值评估的三种主流方法和三个评估指标的比较,最终得出基于自由现金流量的企业价值评估方法是最符合我国企业目前现状的评估方法,对规范我国企业价值评估方法具有一定的实际意义。     

城市免费开放景区的规划与管理

城市景区免费开放为公民休闲拓展了更为广阔的平台,进一步促进了休闲的发展,同时,休闲活动也推动了景区旅游规划与管理模式的演进.当前,城市免费开放景区应展现其社会公益性,加强休闲情境塑造,注重资源节约与环境保护,体现景区与社会整体的和谐.     

Performance of French intensive care units: A directional distance function approach at the patient level

By using a novel adaptation of the free-disposable hull analysis of productivity, we assess the medical and technical efficiency of patient care in 25 Parisian intensive care units (ICUs) during 2000. The robust free disposable hull (RFDH) as defined by [Cazals et al., 2002. Nonparametric frontier estimation: a robust approach. Journal of Econometrics 106, 1–25] reduces the impact outliers may have on findings by employing Monte-Carlo techniques and repeated sample selection. Among our key findings, there was no overall significant correlation between medical and technical efficiencies for all the ICUs, therefore performing well in one does not guarantee good performance in the other. We also found that over 80% of inefficiency is concentrated in less than 20% of the sampled patients.